Footnotes
- Francis, “Address of His Holiness Pope Francis,” Ceremony Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Institution of the Synod of Bishops (Oct. 17, 2015), https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2015/october/documents/papa-francesco_20151017_50-anniversario-sinodo.html. (In quotes, any emphasis in the original is shown in italics. My emphases are shown in bold.)
- General Secretariat of the Synod, “The Selection of Bishops and the Handling of Emerging Doctrinal, Pastoral, and Ethical Questions,” Synod.va, May 5, 2026, https://www.synod.va/en/news/the-selection-of-bishops-and-the-handling-of-emerging-doctrinal.html.
- See Study Group 9, “Theological Criteria and Synodal Methodologies for Shared Discernment of Emerging Doctrinal, Pastoral, and Ethical Emerging issues,” Synod.va, accessed May 17, 2026, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/process/implementation/10workinggroups/final-reports/sg9/SG-9_Final-Report.pdf. See also, the Report’s three-page “Executive Summary,” Synod.va, accessed May 17, 2026, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/process/implementation/10workinggroups/final-reports/sg9/SG-9_ENG_Executive-Summary.pdf.
- See Appendix A.1 “Testimony for Synodal Study Group 9 on Homosexuality (Portugal),” Synod.va, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/process/implementation/10workinggroups/final-reports/sg9/Testimony-A1-Homosexuality.pdf; Appendix A.2 “Testimony for Synodal Study Group 9 on Homosexuality (USA),” Synod.va, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/process/implementation/10workinggroups/final-reports/sg9/Testimony-A2-Homosexuality.pdf.
- Cardinal Eijk, “Same-Sex Synod Report Must Be Forcefully Refuted,” National Catholic Register, May 14, 2026, https://www.ncregister.com/commentaries/the-synods-dangerous-departure-study-group-9s-report.
- See Diane Montagna, “Fr. James Martin: The ‘Mastermind’ Behind the Two Testimonies in the Vatican’s Synod Report on Homosexuality,” Diane Montagna’s Substack, May 14, 2026, https://dianemontagna.substack.com/p/fr-james-martin-the-mastermind-behind. See also James Martin, S.J., “How Same-Sex Couples Have Blessed Me,” Outreach.faith, Jan. 3, 2024, https://outreach.faith/2024/01/father-james-martin-how-same-sex-couples-have-blessed-me/.
- Nominalism: “a theory that there are no universal essences in reality and that the mind can frame no single concept or image corresponding to any universal or general term.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, s.v. “nominalism,” accessed May 18, 2026, https://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/collegiate/nominalism.
- Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, s.v. “paradigm shift,” accessed May 17, 2026, https://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/collegiate/paradigm%20shift.
- Cardinal Gerhard Müller, “On God’s Blessing and the False Blessings of This World,” in Michael Haynes, “Cardinal Müller: Synod’s Homosexuality Report Leads to ‘Heretical Relativization’ of Marriage,” PerMariam.com, May 8, 2026,https://www.permariam.com/p/cardinal-muller-synods-homosexuality.
- Gerald E. Murray, “‘Synodal Shepherds’ Attack the Sheep,” TheCatholicThing.org, May 9, 2026, https://www.thecatholicthing.org/2026/05/09/synodal-shepherds-attack-the-sheep/.
- See Amy Harmon, Ruth Graham, and Sarah Maslin Nir, “Making History on a Tuesday Morning, With the Church’s Blessing,” The New York Times, Dec. 19, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/19/us/catholic-gay-blessing-pope-francis.html.
- Appendix A.2.
- St. Augustine, Contra Faustum, book XXII, no. 27, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/140622.htm.
- Nicolaitism: “Traces of the aforementioned sexual licentiousness (Rev. 2:2) are found, but now combined with mythological speculations (‘the abysses of Satan,’ Rev. 2:24), which are generally interpreted as an allusion to Gnostic conceptions.” H. Haas, A. van den Born, and S. de Ausejo, Diccionario de la Biblia (Barcelona: Herder, 1967), 766.
- Diane Montagna, “Bishop Schneider: Vatican’s Synod Report on Homosexuality Echoes ‘the Serpent in the Garden,’” DianeMontagna.substack.com, May 12, 2026, https://dianemontagna.substack.com/p/bishop-schneider-vaticans-synod-report.
- Joseph E. Strickland, “An Emergency in the Church,” PillarsofFaith.net, May 5, 2026, https://pillarsoffaith.net/an-emergency-in-the-church/.
- Gaetano Masciullo, “Meet the Architects of the Synod’s Challenge to Church Teaching on Homosexuality,” LifeSiteNews.com, May 14, 2026, https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/meet-the-architects-of-the-synods-challenge-to-church-teaching-on-homosexuality/.
- Innocenzo, “Il teologo Maurizio Chiodi: ‘Omosessuali. Una pastorale oltre la retorica delle aperture,” Gionata.org, Jul. 28, 2019, https://www.gionata.org/il-teologo-maurizio-chiodi-omosessuali-una-pastorale-oltre-la-retorica-delle-aperture/.
- St. Pius X, encyclical Pascendi Dominici gregis (Sept. 8, 1907), no. 13, https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-x/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-x_enc_19070908_pascendi-dominici-gregis.html.
- Pius XII, encyclical Humani generis (Aug. 12, 1950), nos. 6–7, https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_12081950_humani-generis.html.
- Cardinal Louis-Édouard Pie, Notice Historique sur Notre-Dame de la Brèche (Chartres: Garner, 1843), 6.
- Ibid, 10
